Primary spring stage

The primary suspension in railway vehicles is located between the wheel set or axle bearing and the bogie frame and serves to dampen shocks and vibrations from the track. It reduces stress on the bogie, improves ride smoothness and track-holding and contributes significantly to ride comfort. It also reduces wear on the wheel and rail and optimizes the vehicle’s dynamic behavior. Primary suspension can be implemented in the form of conical springs, roller rubber springs, axle springs or combined primary suspension systems.

The primary suspension stage guides the wheel set along the track by providing defined elastic properties in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Additional dampers or rubber-metal elements are often used to specifically reduce vibrations and prevent resonance. Their design represents a compromise between high stiffness for good track guidance and sufficient compliance for comfort and reduced wear.